Circuit training reduces cardiometabolic risk factors in women / El entrenamiento en circuito reduce los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en mujeres / Treinamento em circuito reduz os fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em mulheres

ABSTRACT Introduction Combined training is more effective than an isolated modality in reducing cardiometabolic risk indicators. Objective To evaluate the effect of circuit training volume on anthropometric and biochemical risk indicators for cardiometabolic diseases in overweight women. Methods Thirty-two participants underwent 24 weeks of circuit training with free weights combined with aerobic exercise. The training volume during the 24 weeks was used to distribute the women into moderate-volume physical activity (MVA), low-volume physical activity (LVA) and control (CON) groups. Anthropometric indices (body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR)), blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, HDL-c, and LDL-c were evaluated at the beginning of the program and after 12 and 24 weeks. Results There was no interaction between training volume and time for any of the variables studied, but the intervention time influenced body mass (p=0.013) and BMI (p=0.012), and there was a tendency for participation time to reduce body mass (p=0.063) and BMI (p=0.062) after six months of intervention. The volume of the physical activity affected HDL-c (p=0.037), being significant (p=0.030) in the comparison between the MVA and CON groups. Additionally, there was a downward trend in HDL-c after six months of intervention (p=0.073), with a smaller reduction observed in the MVA group, indicating a protective role of moderate physical activity in the reduction of this lipid fraction. The association between physical activity volume and participation time resulted in a clinical improvement in total cholesterol (χ2 = 5.453, p = 0.02), with a higher probability of reaching clinically adequate values in the MVA group (OR = 0.126; 95%CI 0.019 - 0.827). Conclusion Training volume improved cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight women. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento combinado es más eficiente que la modalidad aislada en indicadores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Objetivo Evaluar el efecto del volumen de entrenamiento en circuito sobre indicadores antropométricos y bioquímicos con riesgo de enfermedades cardiometabólicas en mujeres con sobrepeso. Métodos Treinta y dos participantes se sometieron a 24 semanas de entrenamiento en circuito con pesos libres combinados con ejercicio aeróbico. El volumen de entrenamiento durante las 24 semanas se utilizó para distribuir a las mujeres en los grupos: actividad física de volumen moderado (AVM), actividad física de volumen bajo (AVB) y control (CON). Se evaluaron los índices antropométricos masa corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC), relación cintura-cadera (RCC), glucemia, insulina, resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR), colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos, HDL-c y LDL-c al inicio del programa y después de las semanas 12 y 24. Resultados No hubo interacción entre el volumen y el tiempo de entrenamiento para ninguna de las variables estudiadas, pero el tiempo de intervención influyó en la masa corporal (p=0,013) y en el IMC (p=0,012), y el tiempo de participación tendió a reducir la masa corporal (p=0,063) y el IMC (p=0,062), después de seis meses de intervención. El volumen de actividad física afectó al HDL-c (p =0,037), siendo significativo (p=0,030) en la comparación entre AVM y CON. Además, hubo una tendencia a la reducción del HDL-c después de seis meses de intervención (p=0,073), observándose la menor reducción en AVM, lo que indica el papel protector de la actividad física de volumen moderado en la reducción de esta fracción lipídica. La actividad física y el tiempo de participación mostraron una mejora clínica en colesterol total (χ2 = 5,453, p = 0,02), con mayor probabilidad de alcanzar valores clínicamente adecuados de AVM (OR = 0,126; IC95% 0,019 - 0,827). Conclusión El volumen de entrenamiento atenuó los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en mujeres con sobrepeso. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Introdução O treinamento combinado é mais eficiente do que a modalidade isolada com relação aos indicadores de risco cardiometabólico. Objetivos Avaliar o efeito do volume de treinamento em circuito sobre indicadores antropométricos e bioquímicos com risco de doenças cardiometabólicas em mulheres com excesso de peso. Métodos Trinta e duas participantes foram submetidas a 24 semanas de treinamento em circuito, com pesos livres combinados com exercício aeróbico. O volume de treinamento durante as 24 semanas foi utilizado para distribuir as mulheres nos grupos: atividade física de volume moderado (AVM), atividade física de baixo volume (AVB) e controle (CON). Os índices antropométricos massa corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência de cintura (CC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), glicemia, insulina, resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR), colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos, HDL-c e LDL-c, foram avaliados no início do programa e depois de 12 e 24 semanas. Resultados Não houve interação entre o volume de treinamento e o tempo para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas, mas o tempo de intervenção influenciou a massa corporal (p = 0,013) e o IMC (p = 0,012), e o tempo de participação tendeu a reduzir a massa corporal (p = 0,063) e o IMC (p = 0,062), depois de seis meses de intervenção. O volume de atividade física afetou o HDL-c (p = 0,037), sendo significativo (p = 0,030) na comparação entre AVM e CON. Adicionalmente, verificou-se tendência de redução HDL-c depois seis meses de intervenção (p = 0,073), sendo a menor redução observada no AVM, que indica o papel protetor de atividade física de volume moderado na redução dessa fração lipídica. A associação entre o volume de atividade física e o tempo de participação mostrou melhora clínica do colesterol total (χ2= 5,453, p = 0,02), com maior probabilidade de atingir valores clinicamente adequados de AVM (OR = 0,126; IC de 95% 0,019 - 0,827). Conclusão O volume de treinamento atenuou os fatores de risco cardiometabólico em mulheres com excesso de peso. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Baru nuts reduce abdominal adiposity in type 2 diabetic adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial / Amêndoa de baru reduz a adiposidade abdominal de adultos com diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: um estudo randomizado, placebo-controlado, crossover

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of baru nuts supplementation on body composition and metabolic profile in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 30 adults with type 2 diabetes. The assay had two periods of 12 weeks each, with a washout period of 12 weeks between treatments. The subjects were randomized and received the two treatments in alternate periods: supplementation of 30g baru nuts or placebo. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, blood sampling, food intake, and physical activity data were analyzed. Results: Baru nut intake reduced waist circumference (p=0.032), compared to placebo group. In the intra-group analysis, baru nut intake reduced total cholesterol (p=0.012) and LDL-c (p=0.017). Conclusion: The daily intake of baru nuts improved abdominal adiposity. Therefore, these nuts should be included in the diet to improve the health status of adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com amêndoa de baru sobre a composição corporal e perfil metabólico de adultos com diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Este é um estudo randomizado, placebo-controlado, crossover com 30 adultos com diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. O ensaio clínico foi dividido em dois períodos de 12 semanas cada, com um washout de 12 semanas entre os tratamentos. Os sujeitos foram randomizados e receberam dois tratamentos em períodos alternativos: suplementação com 30 g de amêndoa de baru ou placebo. Foram coletados dados referentes à antropometria, composição corporal, pressão arterial, amostras de sangue, ingestão de alimentos e práticas de atividade física. Resultados: A ingestão de amêndoa de baru reduziu a circunferência da cintura (p=0,032), em comparação com o grupo placebo. Na análise intragrupo, a ingestão de amêndoa de baru também reduziu o colesterol total (p=0,012) e LDL-c (p=0,017). Conclusão: A ingestão diária de amêndoa de baru melhorou a adiposidade abdominal, portanto, deve ser incluída na dieta para a melhora do estado de saúde de adultos com diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.

Curcumin supplementation reduces blood glucose and serum lipids of Brazilian women with high waist circumference: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on the body compositions and biochemical parameters of Brazilian women with high waist circumferences. Materials and methods: This is a blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 2016 with 35 Brazilian women with high waist circumference (WC). In total, 80 participants were randomized [38 in the placebo group (PG) and 42 in the supplemented group (SG)], but at the end of the protocol, 20 individuals in the PG and 15 in the SG were evaluated. The sample consumed one capsule of curcumin (500 mg/day) (Curcumin C3 Complex®) or a placebo for 90 days. Body weight, height, body mass index, WC, body fat, fat free mass, fasting glucose (FG), lipid profile [triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and LDL-c], physical activity level and food intake (energy, carbohydrate, total fat and protein) data were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: Curcumin supplementation reduced body mass (p < 0.040) but did not alter other anthropometric parameters or body composition (p ≥ 0.050). In relation to the biochemical profile, the SG saw reductions in FG (p < 0.001), TGs (p < 0.001) and TC (p = 0.001) compared with the PG. At the baseline and during the intervention, the practice of physical activity and food intake did not differ between the SG and PG (p ≥ 0.050). Conclusion: Curcumin supplementation improved the blood glucose and lipid profile of Brazilian women with high WC, without altering body composition. New studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are important for identifying more robust data regarding the proposal of this work.

Curcumin supplementation reduces blood glucose and serum lipids of Brazilian women with high waist circumference: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on the body compositions and biochemical parameters of Brazilian women with high waist circumferences. Methods: This is a blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 2016 with 35 Brazilian women with high waist circumference (WC). In total, 80 participants were randomized [38 in the placebo group (PG) and 42 in the supplemented group (SG)], but at the end of the protocol, 20 individuals in the PG and 15 in the SG were evaluated. The sample consumed one capsule of curcumin (500 mg/day) (Curcumin C3 Complex®) or a placebo for 90 days. Body weight, height, body mass index, WC, body fat, fat free mass, fasting glucose (FG), lipid profile [triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and LDL-c], physical activity level and food intake (energy, carbohydrate, total fat and protein) data were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: Curcumin supplementation reduced body mass (p < 0.040) but did not alter other anthropometric parameters or body composition (p ≥ 0.050). In relation to the biochemical profile, the SG saw reductions in FG (p < 0.001), TGs (p < 0.001) and TC (p = 0.001) compared with the PG. At the baseline and during the intervention, the practice of physical activity and food intake did not differ between the SG and PG (p ≥ 0.050). Conclusion: Curcumin supplementation improved the blood glucose and lipid profile of Brazilian women with high WC, without altering body composition. New studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are important for identifying more robust data regarding the proposal of this work.

Poor Trunk Flexibility is Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Poor flexibility is a predictor of reduced physical activity. The association between trunk flexibility and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is not well understood. Objective: To identify the prevalence of CVRFs and their association with trunk flexibility in individuals participating in a community-based health education program. Methods: Volunteers (51 men, 48 women) aged 20-85 years old, participants in a community-based health education program in the city of Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, were selected for this study. Anthropometric measures including body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist/height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated. Physical activity level was evaluated based on leisure activity participation, and trunk flexibility was evaluated by the sit and reach test. Data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test; Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact and Student t tests were performed for comparisons. To analyze the association between trunk flexibility and concomitant CVRFs, Spearman's correlation test and linear regression were employed. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: 7.2% of the volunteers had no CVRF, 10.3% had only one CVRF and 82.5% had two or more CVRFs, with no differences between sexes. Increased abdominal adiposity, as assessed by WHtR (p = 0.0097), and systemic arterial hypertension (p = 0.0003) were the most prevalent CVRFs, with differences between age groups. A strong negative correlation was found between mean trunk flexibility and the number of concomitant CVRFs (r = -0.96, p < 0.0028). Conclusion: The strong negative correlation between trunk flexibility and concomitant CVRF indicates an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Therefore, trunk flexibility measurement may be an additional tool for health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular and associated diseases in community health programs.

High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Autonomic Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Different exercise models have been used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), like moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT); however, their effects on autonomic modulation are unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different exercise modes on autonomic modulation in patients with T2D. In total, 44 adults with >5 years of T2D diagnosis were recruited and stratified into three groups: HIIT-30:30 (n = 15, age 59.13 ± 5.57 years) that performed 20 repetitions of 30 s at 100% of VO2peak with passive recovery, HIIT-2:2 (n = 14, age 61.20 ± 2.88) that performed 5 repetitions of 2 min at 100% of VO2peak with passive recovery, and MICT (n = 15, age 58.50 ± 5.26) that performed 14 min of continuous exercise at 70% of VO2peak. All participants underwent anamnesis and evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac autonomic modulation. All protocols were equated by total distance and were performed two times per week for 8 weeks. Group × time interactions were observed for resting heart rate (HRrest) [F(2.82) = 3.641; p = 0.031] and SDNN [F(2.82) = 3.462; p = 0.036]. Only the HIIT-30:30 group significantly reduced SDNN (p = 0.002 and 0.025, respectively). HRrest reduced more in the HIIT-30:30 group compared with the MICT group (p = 0.038). Group × time interactions were also observed for offTAU [F(2.82) = 3.146; p = 0.048] and offTMR [F(2.82) = 4.424; p = 0.015]. The MICT group presented increased values of offTAU compared with the HIIT-30:30 and HIIT-2:2 groups (p = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively), representing a slower HR response after eight weeks of intervention. HIIT, specially HIIT-30:30, represents a promising measure for improving autonomic modulation in patients with T2D.

High Fasting Glycemia Predicts Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a metabolic disorder that elevates blood glucose concentration. Chronic hyperglycemia has been associated with several complications in patients with T2D, one of which is cardiac autonomic dysfunction that can be assessed from heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) response, both associated with many aspects of health and fitness, including severe cardiovascular outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of T2D on cardiac autonomic modulation by means of HRV and HRR measurements. Materials and Methods: This study has an observational with case-control characteristic and involved ninety-three middle-aged adults stratified into two groups (control group - CG, n = 34; diabetes group - DG, n = 59). After signing the free and informed consent form, the patients were submitted to the evaluation protocols, performed biochemical tests to confirm the diagnosis of T2D, collection of R-R intervals for HRV analysis and cardiopulmonary effort test to quantify HRR. Results: At rest, the DG showed a reduction in global HRV (SDNN= 19.31 ± 11.72 vs CG 43.09 ± 12.74, p < 0.0001), lower parasympathetic modulation (RMSSD= 20.49 ± 14.68 vs 52.41 ± 19.50, PNN50 = 4.76 ± 10.53 vs 31.24 ± 19.24, 2VD%= 19.97 ± 10.30 vs 28.81 ± 9.77, p < 0.0001 for both indices) and higher HRrest when compared to CG. After interruption of physical exercise, a slowed heart rate response was observed in the DG when compared to the CG. Finally, a simple linear regression showed that fasting glycemia was able to predict cardiac autonomic involvement in volunteers with T2D. Conclusion: Patients with T2D presented lower parasympathetic modulation at rest and slowed HRR after physical exercise, which may be associated with higher cardiovascular risks. The findings show the glycemic profile as an important predictor of impaired cardiac autonomic modulation.

Waist Circumference Above 80 cm Predicts Increased Systolic Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adult Women

Abstract Background: Among anthropometric measures for assessing adiposity-related risk, waist circumference (WC) is simple and fast to perform. Cut-off values for WC proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) are categorized by gender and are not age-specific. Objective: To analyze the association between WC and cardiometabolic risk factors in adult women. Methods: A total of 164 healthy adult women were grouped by WC according to IDF and NCEP-ATP III cutoff values. Continuous variables were described as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of data. Variables were analyzed by unpaired Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The correlation of WC categories with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides were examined by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Increased WC showed a significant correlation with SBP, DBP, glucose, HDL-c, and triglycerides. In bivariate linear regression, approximately 63.0 % of the variability of SBP (≥ 130 mmHg) among the age group 20-40 years was predicted by increased WC according to both criteria. Conclusion: A WC above 80 cm in women aged 20-40 years strongly predicted variability in SBP, calling attention to the importance of measuring WC for the monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in women in this age group.

Studies of Classical Ballet Dancers' Equilibrium at Different Levels of Development and Versus Non-Dancers: A Systematic Review.

In classical ballet, the execution of extreme movements on small bases of support causes the dancers constantly to seek balance. The objective of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the effects of classical ballet training on static and dynamic balance in order to emphasize the differences between dancers and non-dancers and between dancers with different levels of experience. Searches for scientific papers were conducted by two independent researchers in the PubMed, Science Direct, and LILACS databases. A secondary search was carried out by "snowballing" references in the selected studies. A modified Downs and Black checklist and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) scale were used to evaluate the methodological quality and evidence strength of the included studies, respectively. From 364 initial studies, nine were found to be eligible (five did analyses in static situations, two in dyna- mic situations, and two in both). With a maximum potential of 10 points, the methodological quality ranged from 6 to 8 on the Downs and Black checklist. It was found that the level of experience in ballet makes for better balance. However, there are indications that classical ballet dancers become more dependent on vision to control balance compared to non-dancers.

Association between food intake and anthropometric and metabolic profile of brazilian adult women / Asociación entre ingesta alimentaria y perfil antropométrico y metabólico de mujeres adultas brasileñas

INTRODUCTION: alterations in the lipid, glycemic and hemodynamic profile may increase the risk of developing chronic diseases and mortality. OBJECTIVE: associate the metabolic and anthropometric parameters and food intake of Brazilian adult women. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 34 Brazilian women aged 20-59 years old. Alcohol consumption, smoking, physical exercise, blood pressure, anthropometric and food intake data were collected. Glycated hemoglobin and lipid fractions were also evaluated. RESULTS: there was a positive association between energy consumption and body mass (ß = 0.377, p = 0.028) and waist circumference (ß = 0.373, p = 0.030), and between protein intake and body fat percentage (ß = 0.368, p = 0.032). There was also a positive association between waist circumference and the values of glycated hemoglobin (ß = 0.401, p = 0.019), and HDL-cholesterol was influenced directly by protein intake (ß = 0.573, p = 0.013) and inversely by lipid intake (ß = -0.597, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: anthropometry, metabolic profile and food intake were associated among the Brazilian adult women evaluated.(AU)

INTRODUCCION: las alteraciones en el perfil lipídico, glucémico y hemodinámico pueden aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas y mortalidad. OBJETIVO: asociar los parámetros metabólicos, antropométricos y el consumo de alimentos de mujeres adultas brasileñas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 34 mujeres brasileñas de 20 a 59 años. Se recogieron datos sobre el consumo de alcohol, tabaco, ejercicio, presión arterial, antropometría y consumo de alimentos. También se evaluaron la hemoglobina glicosilada y las fracciones lipídicas. RESULTADOS: se encontró una asociación positiva entre el consumo de energía y los valores de masa corporal (ß = 0.377, p = 0.028) y la circunferencia de la cintura (ß = 0.373, p = 0.030), y entre el consumo de proteínas y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (ß = 0.368, p = 0.032). También hubo una influencia positiva de la circunferencia de la cintura en los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada (ß = 0.401, p = 0.019), y el HDL-c estuvo directamente influenciado por el consumo de proteínas (ß = 0.573, p = 0.013) e inversamente por el consumo de grasas (ß =-0.597, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: la antropometría, el perfil metabólico y el consumo de alimentos se asociaron entre las mujeres adultas brasileñas evaluadas.

Exponential model for analysis of heart rate responses and autonomic cardiac modulation during different intensities of physical exercise.

The aim of this study was to compare the heart rate (HR) dynamics and variability before and after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocols with workloads based on treadmill workload at which maximal oxygen uptake was achieved ( WL V ˙ O 2 max ) . Ten participants performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to obtain oxygen uptake ( WL V ˙ O 2 max ) . All training protocols were performed on a treadmill, with 0% grade, and had similar total distance. The MICT was composed by 21 min at 70% of WL V ˙ O 2 max . The first HIIT protocol (HIIT-30 : 30) was composed by 29 repetitions of 30 s at 100% of s V ˙ O 2 max and the second HIIT protocol (HIIT-4 : 3) was composed by three repetitions of 4 min at 90% of WL V ˙ O 2 max . Before, during and after each training protocol, HR dynamics and variability (HRV) were analysed by standard kinetics and linear (time and frequency domains). The repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the HR dynamics, which characterizes the speed of HR during the rest to exercise transition, was statistically (p < 0.05) slower during MICT in comparison to both HIIT protocols. The HRV analysis, which characterizes the cardiac autonomic modulation during the exercise recovery, was statistically higher in HIIT-4 : 3 in comparison to MICT and HIIT-30 : 30 protocols (p < 0.005 and p = 0.012, respectively), suggesting that the HIIT-4 : 3 induced higher sympathetic and lower parasympathetic modulation during exercise in comparison to the other training protocols. In conclusion, HIIT-4 : 3 demonstrated post-exercise sympathetic hyperactivity and a higher HRpeak, while the HIIT-30 : 30 and MICT resulted in better HRV and HR in the exercise-recovery transition. The cardiac autonomic balance increased in HIIT-30 : 30 while HIIT-4 : 3 induced sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac overload.

Metabolic syndrome impact on pulmonary function of women.

BACKGROUND: The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components may induce structural and physiological changes that exacerbate the impairment of the respiratory function. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on lung function in women. METHODS: This is cross-sectional study. A total of 121 women aged 20-75 years were assisted in two primary health centers of Brazil. These women were divided into two groups according to the presence of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, high density low-cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides analysis and pulmonary function tests by spirometry were performed. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome prevalence was 46.3%. Systemic arterial pressure (BP) and waist circumference (WC) were identified with higher eigenvalues in the main components explaining 26.78% of the variance. The multiple regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between forced expiratory volume in the first second predicted (FEV1%) (ß = -6.0, p = 0.03) and predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) (ß = -7, 02, p = 0.004) with the presence of MetS. PA (ß = -8.50, p = 0.003) and WC (ß = -0.24, p = 0.001) it presented an inverse relationship with FVC% when was adjusted for age, smoking history, menopausal BMI. CONCLUSIONS: WC and PA were considered the parameters most related to MetS by principals components analysis. The diagnosis of MetS presented an inverse relation with the spirometrics parameters. Elevation of BP and WC were the predictors of the CFV% reduction.

Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses of two interval training and a continuous training protocol in healthy young men.

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can be performed with different effort to rest time-configurations, and this can largely influence training responses. The purpose of the study was to compare the acute physiological responses of two HIIT and one moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol in young men. A randomised cross-over study with 10 men [age, 28.3 ± 5.5years; weight, 77.3 ± 9.3 kg; height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), 44 ± 11 mL.kg-1.min-1]. Participants performed a cardiorespiratory test on a treadmill to assess VO2peak, velocity associated with VO2peak (vVO2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak) and perceived exertion (RPE). Then participants performed three protocols equated by distance: Short HIIT (29 bouts of 30s at vVO2peak, interspersed by 30s of passive recovery, 29 min in total), Long HIIT (3 bouts of 4 min at 90% of vVO2peak, interspersed by 3 min of recovery at 60% of vVO2peak, 21 min in total) and MICT (21 min at 70% of vVO2peak). The protocols were performed in a randomised order with ≥48 h between them. VO2, HRpeak and RPE were compared. VO2peak in Long HIIT was significantly higher than Short HIIT and MICT (43 ± 11 vs 32 ± 8 and 37 ± 8 mL.kg-1.min-1, respectively, P < 0.05), as well as peak HR (181 ± 10 vs 168 ± 8 and 167 ± 11, respectively, P < 0.05), and RPE (17 ± 4 vs 14 ± 4 and 15 ± 4, respectively, P < 0.05), with no difference between Short HIIT and MICT. In conclusion, Long HIIT promoted higher acute increases in VO2, HR and RPE than Short HIIT and MICT, suggesting a higher demand on the cardiorespiratory system. Short HIIT and MICT presented similar physiologic and perceptual responses, despite Short HIIT being performed at higher velocities.

Profiling the Use of Dietary Supplements by Brazilian Physical Education Professionals.

A survey was designed to examine the use of dietary supplements by Brazilian physical education professionals. The study included 131 Brazilian physical education professionals (83 men and 48 women). A descriptive statistical analysis was performed (mean, standard deviation, and absolute and relative frequencies). A chi-square test was applied to evaluate differences in use of dietary supplements according to particular variables of interest (p < .05). Forty-nine percent of respondents used dietary supplements. Approximately 59% of dietary supplement users took two or more kinds of supplements. Among users of supplements, men professionals (73%) consumed more dietary supplements than women (27%). The most-consumed dietary supplement was whey protein (80%). The results showed a higher use of dietary supplements by men. The most-consumed supplements were rich in protein. The consumption of dietary supplements by almost half of the participants in this study suggests that participants did not consider their dietary needs to be met by normal diet alone.

O Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família em Goiânia (GO): percepções dos profissionais e gestores / The Support Center for Family Health in Goiania (GO): perceptions of professionals and managers

RESUMO O Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (Nasf) foi criado em 2008 para fortalecer a Atenção Básica no Brasil. Em Goiânia (GO), foi implantado cinco equipes em uma região do município. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o processo de implantação do Nasf em Goiânia a partir das percepções dos seus profissionais e gestores. Realizaram-se entrevistas, e os dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise temática. Conclui-se que o apoio matricial, a contratação de profissionais efetivos e a realização do processo formativo trouxeram avanços para o Nasf em Goiânia, embora com desafios frente às condições de trabalho e às resistências das Equipes de Saúde da Família.

ABSTRACT The Support Center for Family Health (Nasf) was created in 2008 to strengthen Primary Health Care in Brazil. In Goiania (GO), it was implanted five teams in a municipal area. The aim of the study was to analyze the deployment process of the Nasf in Goiania from the perceptions of its employees and managers. Interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed from the technique of thematic analysis. If conclude that the matrix support, the recruitment of effective professionals and the accomplishment of the educational process brought advances to the Nasf in Goiania, although with challenges due to working conditions and the Family Health Teams' resistances.

Effect of chromium supplementation on the glucose homeostasis and anthropometry of type 2 diabetic patients: Double blind, randomized clinical trial: Chromium, glucose homeostasis and anthropometry.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of chromium supplementation on the glucose homeostasis and anthropometry of type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six individuals with type 2 Diabetes were randomized on a double blind clinical trial into three groups: placebo (NC0), 50µg (NC50) and 200µg (NC200) of chromium nicotinate. Glucose homeostasis, anthropometry and physical activity intensity were evaluated at the beginning, at day 45 and at day 90. Energy intake was evaluated at the beginning, between the beginning and 45 days, and between days 45 and 90 of the study. RESULTS: There were no differences within or between groups for HOMA-IR, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass percentage and total energy intake during the trial. There was an increase of the HOMA-ß in group NC0 (p=0.0349) and a decrease of 1.08kg in group NC50 (p=0.0048) at 90 days. The relation between body mass index, body fat percentage and insulin sensitivity did not change in the placebo and supplemented groups (p>0.05). In the effect of the intervention, for each 1cm increase in waist circumference there was an increase of 1.90±0.63 in HOMA-IR (p=0.0087) and 16.31±5.27% in HOMA-ß (p=0.0073) in group NC200. No difference was seen in the intensity of physical activity within the groups and in the comparison between the supplemented groups (NC50 and NC200) and placebo (NC0) at 90 days. There was an increase in energy expenditure in physical activity at 90days (p=0.0371) of intervention in the group subjects NC50. As for total energy intake, there were no differences within or between the groups during the study. CONCLUSION: 50µg and 200µg supplementation with chromium nicotinate for 90days did not promote improvements in glucose homeostasis and anthropometry in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Effects of four days hiking on postural control.

Hiking is a demanding form of exercise that may cause delayed responses of the postural muscles and a loss of somatosensory information, particularly when repeatedly performed for several days. These effects may negatively influence the postural control of hikers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a four-day hike on postural control. Twenty-six adults of both sexes travelled 262 kilometers, stopping for lunch and resting in the early evening each day. Force platforms were used to collect center of pressure (COP) data at 100 Hz for 70 seconds before hiking started and immediately after arriving at the rest station each day. The COP time course data were analyzed according to global stabilometric descriptors, spectral analysis and structural descriptors using sway density curve (SDC) and stabilometric diffusion analysis (SDA). Significant increases were found for global variables in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions (COP sway area, COP total sway path, COP mean velocity, COP root mean square value and COP range). In the spectral analysis, only the 80% power frequency (F80) in the anterior-posterior direction showed a significant increase, reflecting the increase of the sway frequencies. The SDC revealed a significant increase in the mean distance between peaks (MD) and a significant decrease in the mean peak amplitudes (MP), suggesting that a larger torque amplitude is required for stabilization and that the postural stability is reduced. The SDA revealed a decrease in the long-term slope (Hl) and increases in the short-term (Ks) and the long-term (Kl) intercepts. We considered the likelihood that the presence of local and general fatigue, pain and related neuromuscular adaptations and somatosensory deficits may have contributed to these postural responses. Together, these results demonstrated that four days of hiking increased sway frequencies and deteriorated postural control in the standing position.

Condições de vida e itinerários terapêuticos de quilombolas de Goiás / Living conditions and therapeutic paths in a quilombola community in Goiás, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as condições de vida e os itinerários terapêuticos de duas populações quilombolas do Estado de Goiás (Almeidas - comunidade rural e Jardim Cascata - comunidade urbana). Foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter quanti-qualitativo, com utilização de questionário familiar, entrevista semiestruturada com informantes-chave e observação participante. Foram feitas quatro visitas em cada comunidade nos anos de 2010 e 2011. Em relação às características gerais das comunidades, elas se assemelham entre si e entre populações de baixa renda em geral devido ao baixo nível de escolaridade, de renda e carência de saneamento básico. Os itinerários terapêuticos mobilizam saberes populares, religiosos e os conhecimentos biomédicos por meio do serviço público de saúde. Em Almeidas, são utilizadas, de forma seguida ou simultânea, a automedicação caseira e alopática. Uma senhora muito conhecida na região é responsável pelos tratamentos caseiros. No Jardim Cascata, os moradores utilizam principalmente a automedicação com remédios alopáticos, e os postos de saúde do bairro frequentemente estão sem profissionais para realizar o atendimento. As redes de apoio familiar são mais intensas em Almeidas do que no Jardim Cascata. Nas duas comunidades, os serviços de saúde estão, frequentemente, fechados devido à rotatividade de profissionais e precária infraestrutura. As duas comunidades apresentam determinações históricas que denunciam a falta de atenção pública e marginalização da população pobre...

The aim of this study was to investigate living conditions and therapeutic paths of two quilombola communities residing in the State of Goiás: Almeidas (rural community), Jardim Cascata (urban community). We conducted a quantitative and qualitative study through questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with key informants and observation of reality. Four visits were made to each community in the years 2010 and 2011. Concerning to the general characteristics, the communities presented a low level of education, low income and lack of basic sanitation. People at those communities mobilize popular, religious and biomedical knowledge in their treatments. At Almeidas, people self medicate using homemade and conventional medication simultaneously. There is an elderly lady who prepares homemade treatments. The people at Jardim Cascata use mainly conventional self-medication. Family support networks are more intense in Almeidas than Jardim Cascata. In both communities, health services are often closed due staff turnover and poor infrastructure. Moreover, the two communities have historical determinations based to a lack of attention from the public sector and marginalization of the poor population...

[Risk of chronic non-communicable diseases in the population attended in the nutritional education program in Goiânia in the state of Goiás, Brazil]. / Risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na população atendida em Programa de Educação Nutricional em Goiânia (GO), Brasil.

The scope of this work was to evaluate the risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in subjects treated in the Nutrition Education Program of the School of Physical Education of the Federal University of Goiás. The number of individuals evaluated was 79, namely 65 adults and 14 adolescents. Socio-economic data, lifestyle and previous diseases were recorded by using anamnesis, the feeding habits (FH) were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and the anthropometric indexes used were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population was 42.9% (n = 27) and the average WC of adults was 82.67 ± 12.49, and 45.1% had increased or very increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. About 88.6% of the population reported the existence of CNCDs in the family. Most of the people (75%) exercised regularly. Those who smoked also drank alcohol frequently, and those that did not smoke were the ones that exercised more. The intake of fruit and vegetables is practiced by 36.7% and 63.3% of participants at least once a day, respectively. The conclusion reached is that the population studied had a high prevalence of exposure to at least one risk factor for CNCDs.

Risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na população atendida em Programa de Educação Nutricional em Goiânia (GO), Brasil / Risk of chronic non-communicable diseases in the population attended in the nutritional education program in Goiânia in the state of Goiás, Brazil

O objetivo foi avaliar os fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em indivíduos atendidos no Programa de Educação Nutricional da Faculdade de Educação Física, da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Participaram 79 sujeitos, sendo 65 adultos e 14 adolescentes. Dados socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e doen ças prévias foram coletados por meio de anamnese, o hábito alimentar (HA) foi avaliado por um questionário de frequência alimentar e os índices antropométricos utilizados foram o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC). A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na população foi de 42,9% (n = 27) e a média da CC dos adultos foi de 82,67 ± 12,49, sendo que 45,1% apresentavam risco aumentado ou muito aumentado para doenças cardiovasculares. Aproximadamente 88,6% da população relatou a existência de DCNT na família. Dos avaliados, 75,0% praticavam exercícios físicos regularmente. Aqueles que eram tabagistas ingeriam álcool frequentemente e os sujeitos não fumantes eram os que mais praticavam atividade física. Em relação ao HA, a ingestão de frutas e hortaliças é realizada por 36,7% e 63,3% dos participantes ao menos uma vez/dia, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os avaliados possuem alta prevalência de exposição a, pelo menos, um fator de risco para DCNT.

The scope of this work was to evaluate the risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in subjects treated in the Nutrition Education Program of the School of Physical Education of the Federal University of Goiás. The number of individuals evaluated was 79, namely 65 adults and 14 adolescents. Socio-economic data, lifestyle and previous diseases were recorded by using anamnesis, the feeding habits (FH) were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and the anthropometric indexes used were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population was 42.9% (n = 27) and the average WC of adults was 82.67 ± 12.49, and 45.1% had increased or very increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. About 88.6% of the population reported the existence of CNCDs in the family. Most of the people (75%) exercised regularly. Those who smoked also drank alcohol frequently, and those that did not smoke were the ones that exercised more. The intake of fruit and vegetables is practiced by 36.7% and 63.3% of participants at least once a day, respectively. The conclusion reached is that the population studied had a high prevalence of exposure to at least one risk factor for CNCDs.